Opioids: first lessons from knockout mice.

H2-EB1 Molecule Alleviates Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms of H2-Eb1 Knockout Mice

Background:   H2-EB1 molecule which is the homolog of Human HLA-DRB1 is proposed to be associated with allergic rhinitis (AR). Construction of   H2-Eb1 knockout animal models provides a tool to elucidate the role of H2-EB1 and AR pathogenesis. Objective:   To establish the H2-Eb1 knockout model and investigate the H2-EB1 functions in   H2-Eb1 knockout mice as a model of AR. Methods: The Cre/Lox...

β-Arrestin-2 knockout prevents development of cellular μ-opioid receptor tolerance but does not affect opioid-withdrawal-related adaptations in single PAG neurons.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tolerance to the behavioural effects of morphine is blunted in β-arrestin-2 knockout mice, but opioid withdrawal is largely unaffected. The cellular mechanisms of tolerance have been studied in some neurons from β-arrestin-2 knockouts, but tolerance and withdrawal mechanisms have not been examined at the cellular level in periaqueductal grey (PAG) neurons, which are cruci...

Generation of global Spata19 knockout mouse using CRISPR/Cas9 nickase technology

Introduction: SPATA19 gene is expressed in developmental stages of testis and some organs, but so far its function has only been examined in the testis. In this study, we provided an effective pathway for the generation of these mice using new CRISPR / Cas9 nickase method while generating Spata19 knockout mice for future studies in other organs. Materials and Methods: CRISPR / Cas9 nickase plas...

Opiate-induced analgesia is increased and prolonged in mice lacking P-glycoprotein.

BACKGROUND P-glycoprotein is a transmembrane protein expressed by multiple mammalian cell types, including the endothelial cells that comprise the blood-brain-barrier. P-glycoprotein functions to actively pump a diverse array of xenobiotics out of the cells in which it is expressed. The purpose of this study was to determine if P-glycoprotein alters the analgesic efficacy of clinically useful o...

Effects of capsaicin in low doses and high doses on the small intestine motor response in wild-type and TRPV1 knockout mice